Ground-based millimeter-wave observations of water vapor emission (183 GHz) at Atacama,Chile

We report the first results of ground-based millimeter-wave measurements of 183 GHz atmospheric water vapor spectra from Atacama highland (4800 m alt.), Chile. The measurements were carried out in December 2005 by using a spectroscopic radiometer equipped with a superconductive heterodyne receiver. A conspicuous H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz was detected with an integration time of only 1.5 min, and this is the first high frequency-resolution H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz obtained in the southern subtropical region. The vertical profile of H₂O volume mixing ratio between 40 and 64 km were retrieved from the spectrum by using the modified optimal estimation method.     

Radiometric estimation of water vapor content over Brazil

A multi-channel microwave radiometre (make: Radiometrics Corporation) is installed at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais–INPE, Brazil (22°S). The radiometric output of two channels of the radiometer in the form of brightness temperature at 23.834 GHz and 30 GHz, initially, were used to find out the ambient water vapor content and the non-precipitable cloud liquid water content. The necessary algorithm was developed for the purpose. The best results were obtained using the hinge frequency 23.834 GHz and 30 GHz pair having an r.m.s. error of only 2.64. The same methodology was then adopted exploiting 23.034 GHz and 30 GHz pair. In that case the r.m.s. error was 3.42. These results were then compared with those obtained over Kolkata (22°N), India, by using 22.234 GHz and 31.4 GHz radiometric data. This work conclusively suggests the use of a frequency should not be at the water vapor resonance line. Instead, while measuring the vapor content for separation of vapor and cloud liquid, one of them should be a few GHz left or right from the resonance line i.e., at 23.834 GHz and the other one should be around 30 GHz.     

吸声聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究

阐述了吸声聚氨酯泡沫塑料在实际使用中的地位和意义,概述其国内外研究进展,重点介绍了制备工艺、原材料及其特性和吸声性能.     

Studies on urine treatment by biological purification using Azolla and UV photocatalytic oxidation

The amount of water consumed in space station operations is very large. In order to reduce the amount of water which must be resupplied from Earth, the space station needs to resolve the problems of water supply. For this reason, the recovery, regeneration and utilization of urine of astronauts are of key importance. Many investigations on this subject have been reported. Our research is based on biological absorption and, purification using UV photocatalytic oxidation techniques to achieve comprehensive treatment for urine. In the treatment apparatus we created, the urine solution is used as part of the nutrient solution for the biological components in our bioregenerative life support system. After being absorbed, the nutrients from the urine were then decomposed, metabolized and purified which creates a favorable condition for the follow-up oxidation treatment by UV photocatalytic oxidation. After these two processes, the treated urine solution reached Chinese national standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-1985).     

基于弹流润滑转子-滚动轴承系统碰摩-不对中耦合故障的动力学分析

研究弹流润滑(EHL)转子-滚动轴承系统在碰摩-不对中耦合故障状态下的动力学响应.基于EHL理论与Hertz弹性接触理论,并考虑转静碰摩故障与转子不对中故障,建立耦合故障作用下转子-滚动轴承系统非线性动力学微分方程,通过龙格库塔数值解法进行求解得到故障状态下系统振动响应,对比分析其结果并在航空发动机转子实验台进行验证.研究结果表明:①考虑EHL理论对单一碰摩故障系统的影响较大.考虑EHL理论的系统进入拟周期运动与周期2运动状态时的转速较未考虑EHL理论系统明显提高,周期2解所处的转速区间较未考虑EHL理论系统大.②考虑EHL理论对碰摩-不对中耦合故障系统的影响较大.考虑EHL理论的系统由周期1解进入拟周期运动,且进入拟周期状态时的转速较未考虑EHL理论的系统明显提高.③通过计算结果与实验结果进行对比分析,可发现考虑EHL理论的耦合故障系统的转子在1/2倍频与2倍频处的振动响应均弱于未考虑EHL理论的系统,考虑EHL理论的模型比未考虑EHL理论的模型能更准确体现耦合故障系统的振动响应.     

DLC 和CrN 薄膜在油润滑下的摩擦性能

采用闭合场非平衡直流磁控溅射技术和阴极电弧离子镀技术在轴承钢表面分别制备了DLC 和

CrN 薄膜,在全配方发动机油(CF-4,15W/40)润滑条件下,选择DLC/ 钢、CrN/ 钢摩擦配副,用SRV-IV 摩擦实

验机考察了25℃和100℃时DLC 与CrN 薄膜在不同载荷下的摩擦因数和磨损率,并对摩擦界面进行分析。结

果表明:DLC 和CrN 薄膜在油润滑条件下的摩擦因数都随着载荷的增加而降低;DLC 和CF-4 构成的固液复合

润滑体系具有更加优异的摩擦学性能;活性较高的CrN 薄膜与发动机油中的添加剂相互作用,在摩擦界面上

发生摩擦化学反应形成摩擦化学反应膜,并且薄膜表面形成的氧化层有利于提高薄膜在高温时的耐磨性。

     

航空发动机喷口收放转速和2角度同时突变故障分析

为了排除航空发动机使用中喷口收放转速和α2同时突变故障,深入分析了发动机相关燃油系统调节原理。现场试车测量了发动机相应燃油管路压力,并进行了台架试车验证。结合故障发动机滑油光谱分析,将故障原因定位为燃油增压泵花键轴异常磨损,导致发动机附件传动系统不能正常带动燃油增压泵旋转,发动机低压燃油系统处于增压泵不增压的异常工作状态,降低了该泵进口端燃油压力,低压燃油系统基准异常,造成燃油调节系统调节异常。     

基于流固耦合航行体入水冲击数值模拟研究

针对航行体入水冲击过程中的流固耦合问题,利用任意拉格朗日 欧拉算法建立三维入水冲击数值仿真模型。首先,建立球体入水冲击数值模型,获取了入水过程中的冲击载荷和表面压力数据,通过与试验对比,探究网格密度、接触刚度耦合系数以及时间步长对仿真准确性的影响。结果发现,冲击区域网格密度和接触刚度耦合系数决定流固耦合接触刚度;冲击域的网状密度对冲击系数结果和入水速度变化有明显影响;耦合节点之间的接触刚度系数会影响局部压力峰值。最后,建立锥形头部圆柱体入水仿真模型,提出分段刚体计算截面载荷方法,研究不同速度下结构入水冲击加速度、速度、位移和截面载荷变化规律,与试验结果对比证明仿真准确性。     

基于CFD内流耦合仿真的燃油柱塞泵滑靴副动态润滑特性研究

针对航空燃油柱塞泵滑靴副自适应油膜的动态润滑问题,基于牛顿拉夫逊方法,建立了考虑滑靴副油膜支承作用与其动力学状态动态耦合关系的滑靴副润滑计算模型。在此基础上,计入前级部件内流作用对油膜特性的影响,通过CFD内流分析和Reynolds润滑模型相结合的仿真方法,对航空柱塞泵滑靴副及其前级部件进行了一体式联合仿真研究。研究结果表明:仿真与试验结果的误差保持在4.3%以内,CFD仿真方法可以实现对滑靴副前级部件内流场的准确模拟;转速从4kr/min增至5kr/min时,膜厚的最大倾覆值减小至原数值的27.15%,并且低压区滑靴厚度变化率的增大率最大可达62.02%;而出口压力增大率为66.7%时,引起全周期内膜厚变化率波动幅度不同程度的增大;在转动周期内,滑靴的自适应润滑效果通过油膜厚度场和压力场的耦合变化形成自适应动压支承效应来实现。     

轴向间隙对对旋式喷水推进泵水力特性的影响

为研究对旋式喷水推进泵叶轮轴向间隙对泵水力性能及推力的影响,基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,参考导叶与叶轮间的轴向间隙范围,对五组不同间隙系数的喷水推进泵模型进行了数值模拟。定义了对旋叶轮首次级间隙系数δ,分析了不同轴向间隙系数下泵外特性、内部流动能量转化以及推力特性的变化规律。通过推进泵性能实验结果与数值模拟结果的比较,验证了数值计算方法的可靠性。研究表明:在研究的间隙范围内,对旋叶轮轴向间隙的增加可以改善首级叶轮的低压区;当0.13δ0.17时不利于次级叶轮回收首级叶轮的流体能量;在轴向间隙系数0.09δ0.13的范围内可以明显提高推进泵的效率,δ=0.09时效率最高,达到85%;当轴向间隙系数δ0.17时,推力有较明显的下降趋势。因此,通过内部流动分析和外特性以及推力特性的研究,共同验证了首次级叶轮间的轴向间隙是影响对旋式喷水推进泵水力特性的重要因素。